Resources

Tax Knowledge Centre

Curated articles, insights and visual guides on South African tax — written by Mark Silberman a member of the SAICA Tax Technology Committee.

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Articles

Infographic contrasting a disallowed objection (merits considered on appeal) with an invalid objection under Rule 7, showing the Rule 52(2)(b) Tax Court route and the requirements of a valid objection

When SARS Declares an Objection Invalid: What Taxpayers and Tax Practitioners Need to Know

An objection to a SARS assessment is not automatically entitled to consideration on its merits.

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Illustration of a SARS official handing a personal liability notice to a company director and public officer through a torn corporate veil, with the director's home and savings shown under threat

When a Company's Tax Debt Becomes a Personal Threat

Why an unexplained SARS notice to a director or public officer may become intimidatory.

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Illustration of a South African tax practitioner preparing a condonation application after missing the 80 business day objection deadline, with SARS refusing the application and the matter escalating to the Tax Board or Tax Court

Condonation for Late Objections: What Practitioners Should Do When SARS Refuses

Condonation is a key procedural gateway in tax disputes. This article sets out the legal framework under section 104 of the TAA, the distinction between reasonable grounds and exceptional circumstances, and how practitio…

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Detailed infographic explaining AA88 third-party appointments in South Africa under section 179 of the Tax Administration Act, including e@syFile, the section 179(5) 10 business day final demand safeguard, proof of debt requirements, and practical payroll challenges

AA88 Agent Appointments Through e@syFile: Legal Safeguards, Practical Difficulties, and Risks for Employers and Taxpayers

AA88 third-party appointments look like payroll instructions but are statutory recovery steps under section 179 of the Tax Administration Act.

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Infographic contrasting a simple SARS verification with a full audit triggered by deeper interrogation of bank data under Section 42

When SARS Requests Bank Statements: Verification or Audit?

Tax practitioners are increasingly encountering situations where SARS requests bank statements shortly after submission of a return, labelled as a verification but escalating in substance into an audit — without followin…

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Split infographic contrasting vague SARS reasons that prejudice taxpayers with adequate reasons that enable a fair response

SARS "Reasons": Why They Matter, What Counts as Adequate, and What to Do When SARS Refuses or Gives Poor Reasons

Why proper reasons from SARS are essential to a fair dispute, what counts as adequate, and how taxpayers should respond when reasons are vague, generic or non-responsive.

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Infographic showing the SARS verification-to-audit escalation, estimated assessment breakdown and disproportionate impact on taxpayers

SARS section 95(1)(c) estimated assessments: when verification goes too far

When SARS verification letters become excessive, vague or punitive — and how taxpayers can respond before an estimated assessment is raised.

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Infographic explaining SARS section 99 prescription, section 46 requests for relevant material and section 27(1) further returns in the context of old-year document demands

SARS requests for documents after prescription: rent apportionment, relevant material and the taxpayer's response

How to respond when SARS asks for documents from a year that has already prescribed — protecting the taxpayer without triggering allegations of non-cooperation.

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Infographic showing the double taxation problem in the lump sum aggregation framework: 2014 lump sum actual tax paid, SARS approach of aggregating and applying 2025 tables, proof of double tax, summary of impact, and the correct solution

The double taxation problem within the lump sum aggregation framework

How the notional re-calculation of prior lump sums using current tables creates a hidden double tax — and the correct way to claim the actual tax already paid.

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Infographic explaining that when SARS uses AI, the TAA is not AI-friendly: AI can assist but cannot decide, the law demands human accountability, and the Constitution, PAJA, POPIA and TAA all require human decision-making

When SARS uses AI: why the TAA is not AI-friendly in formal decision-making

SARS is increasingly using automation, data analytics and AI in tax administration.

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Infographic showing that a SARS adjustment is not proof of gross negligence — SARS bears the burden of proof for penalties, and bona fide inadvertent errors matter

When SARS Overreaches: Why Practitioners Must Separate the Adjustment from the Penalty

SARS letters often move quickly from a disputed adjustment to a behavioural finding and then to a severe understatement penalty. Practitioners must resist that leap.

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Infographic showing a financials-first, risk-based approach to SARS verifications for sole proprietors, contrasting verification with audit

Sole proprietor verifications: start with the financials, then request what is relevant

Why SARS verifications of sole proprietors should start with the financial statements and risk drivers — and request only relevant supporting documents, not every invoice and POP.

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Infographic showing provisional tax as SARS's early collection mechanism, including collection statistics, paragraph 19(3) pressure on estimates and the evidence taxpayers must retain

Provisional Tax: SARS's Early Collection Money Spinner

Why tax practitioners should expect greater pressure on estimates — and how to defend the provisional tax position with proper evidence.

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Infographic explaining P1 and P2 provisional tax estimates, paragraph 19(3) justification, paragraph 20 underestimation penalties and the limits of SARS's powers

Provisional Tax Estimates: P1, P2 and the Limits of SARS's Powers

Why a provisional tax estimate is not an income tax return — and how to defend P1 and P2 against hindsight, mechanical penalties and impossible SARS demands.

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